在 macOS 中运行命令行程序，如果你不想开一个终端窗口，并且希望实现开机自启动等等功能，可以使用 macOS 自带的服务管理。这里以 easytier 这个组网工具为例：

直接执行的命令是：/usr/local/bin/easytier-core -c /Users/iuxt/config/easytier.toml

plist 分为系统级别和用户级别，分别位于：

特性 LaunchAgents (用户代理) LaunchDaemons (守护进程)
运行时机 用户登录后启动 系统开机时启动，即用户登录前
运行用户 当前登录的用户 一般为 root 或指定的其他用户
适用场景 需要 GUI 界面、用户偏好设置或访问用户目录的服务 需要高权限、不依赖用户界面的后台服务，如 Web 服务器、数据库等
存放路径 ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ (当前用户) /Library/LaunchAgents/ (所有用户) /Library/LaunchDaemons/
加载命令 launchctl bootstrap gui/$(id -u) ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.example.app.plist sudo launchctl bootstrap system /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.example.app.plist

系统级别服务

配置文件

vim /Library/LaunchDaemons/easytier.plist

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated for serviceman. Edit as needed. Keep this line for 'serviceman list'. -->
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>easytier</string>

    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>/usr/local/bin/easytier-core</string>
        <string>-c</string>
        <string>/Users/iuxt/config/easytier.toml</string>
    </array>

    <key>UserName</key>
    <string>root</string>
    <key>GroupName</key>
    <string>wheel</string>
    <key>InitGroups</key>
    <true/>

    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
    <key>KeepAlive</key>
    <true/>

    <key>WorkingDirectory</key>
    <string>/usr/local/bin</string>

    <key>StandardOutPath</key>
    <string>/var/log/easytier.log</string>
    <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
    <string>/var/log/easytier-error.log</string>
</dict>
</plist>

配置权限

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sudo chown root:wheel /Library/LaunchDaemons/easytier.plist
sudo chmod 644 /Library/LaunchDaemons/easytier.plist

启动

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sudo launchctl bootstrap system /Library/LaunchDaemons/easytier.plist

bootstrap 命令会同时完成“安装”和“根据 RunAtLoad 配置决定是否启动”两个步骤。
gui/$(id -u) 是当前用户的 “ 域 “ (domain)，system 则是系统的域。

卸载服务

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sudo launchctl bootout system /Library/LaunchDaemons/easytier.plist

# 删除plist文件
sudo rm -rf /Library/LaunchDaemons/easytier.plist

用户级别服务

配置文件

vim ~/Library/LaunchAgents/picup.plist

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>picup</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>/Users/iuxt/code/picup/picup</string>
    </array>
    
    <key>WorkingDirectory</key>
    <string>/Users/iuxt/code/picup/</string>
    
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
    <key>KeepAlive</key>
    <true/>
    
    <key>StandardOutPath</key>
    <string>/Users/iuxt/code/picup/logs/stdout.log</string>
    <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
    <string>/Users/iuxt/code/picup/logs/stderr.log</string>
</dict>
</plist>

启动

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launchctl bootstrap gui/$(id -u) ~/Library/LaunchAgents/picup.plist

停止服务

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launchctl stop picup

卸载服务

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launchctl bootout gui/$(id -u)/picup

从对应的目录中删除 .plist 文件。

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rm -rf ~/Library/LaunchAgents/picup.plist